End of an Era show
Time - Supergrass
Tales of endurance - Supergrass
Sweet & tender hooligan - The Smiths
Modern world - The Jam
Under the boardwalk - The Undertones
Birthday - The Sugarcubes
Delicious demon - The Sugarcubes
Shadow - The Primitives
My perfect cousin - The Undertones
Boys will be boys - The Undertones
Heaven - Psychedelic Furs
Use a bank i'd rather die - McCarthy
I worked myself up from nothing - McCarthy
Across the universe - Phosphorescent
I me mine/Dig it - Beth Orton
Can't be sure - The Sundays
Tears - The Stone Roses
Polar bear - The Charlatans
You're so great - Blur
Cebe and me - Cold Cave
Vaseline - Elastica
London calling - The Clash
Insight - Joy Division
Gone - The Beta Band
Wednesday, April 13, 2011
Sunday, April 10, 2011
CAB says CRTC does
Who would have thought that submissions to the Canadian Radio Television and Telecommunications Commission or the CRTC for short to the uninitiated could be so interesting.
It's funny to read suggestions by the Canadian Association of Broadcasters on the subject of campus and community radio stations. Funny in a not a ha ha funny way given that the CAB represents the private radio industry in Canada.
Even funnier and again not in a ha ha type of funny when the CRTC make recommendations and decisions to the campus and community radio sector, less than a year after the CAB submissions.
Pierre-Louis Smith, the Vice-President, Policy and Chief Regulatory Officer of the Canadian Association of Broadcasters in October 2009 wrote to Robert A. Morin, the Secretary General of the CRTC in response to a request for submissions regarding Broadcasting Notice of Consultation 2009-418 – Review of campus and community radio.
Just to give you an idea of who the CAB are, this is what Pierre-Louis Smith wrote in his opening paragraph,
"The Canadian Association of Broadcasters is the national voice of Canada’s private broadcasters" and after writing about the woes affecting the commercial radio sector due to the recent global economic down turn and the ongoing problems this presents Smith gets to the crux of the matter,
"It is therefore against this backdrop that the CAB is intervening in the context of the current proceeding. As stated at the outset of this submission, the CAB will limit its comments and recommendations to: (i) the role of community/campus radio in the broadcasting system; (ii) licensing mechanisms for community/campus stations; (iii) approaches to funding; and (iv) spectrum issues."
Take note of those last two words - spectrum issues, which in plain English is the competition relating for control of the radio frequencies.
The National Campus and Community Radio Association, the organization representing campus and community radio stations in Canada has been lobbying the CRTC to ensure that part of the radio spectrum be maintained for non-commercial radio operations. The CAB is opposed to this, "that, in accordance with its jurisdiction, the Commission refrain from setting aside spectrum for the expansion of the campus/community radio sector", writes Smith.
And so in July 2010 in its Summary of Determinations the CRTC recommended under the heading Technical matters in Appendix 1 to Broadcasting Regulatory Policy CRTC 2010-499.
"The Commission considers that it is inappropriate to reserve frequencies or portions of the radio spectrum for use by specific classes of licensees, such as campus or community stations."
So there we have it - there's competition for the airwaves, and campus station CKLN out of Toronto and now community station CFRO out of Vancouver are fighting for survival. Both have now been called in for infractions under the radio regulations.
It's funny to read suggestions by the Canadian Association of Broadcasters on the subject of campus and community radio stations. Funny in a not a ha ha funny way given that the CAB represents the private radio industry in Canada.
Even funnier and again not in a ha ha type of funny when the CRTC make recommendations and decisions to the campus and community radio sector, less than a year after the CAB submissions.
Pierre-Louis Smith, the Vice-President, Policy and Chief Regulatory Officer of the Canadian Association of Broadcasters in October 2009 wrote to Robert A. Morin, the Secretary General of the CRTC in response to a request for submissions regarding Broadcasting Notice of Consultation 2009-418 – Review of campus and community radio.
Just to give you an idea of who the CAB are, this is what Pierre-Louis Smith wrote in his opening paragraph,
"The Canadian Association of Broadcasters is the national voice of Canada’s private broadcasters" and after writing about the woes affecting the commercial radio sector due to the recent global economic down turn and the ongoing problems this presents Smith gets to the crux of the matter,
"It is therefore against this backdrop that the CAB is intervening in the context of the current proceeding. As stated at the outset of this submission, the CAB will limit its comments and recommendations to: (i) the role of community/campus radio in the broadcasting system; (ii) licensing mechanisms for community/campus stations; (iii) approaches to funding; and (iv) spectrum issues."
Take note of those last two words - spectrum issues, which in plain English is the competition relating for control of the radio frequencies.
The National Campus and Community Radio Association, the organization representing campus and community radio stations in Canada has been lobbying the CRTC to ensure that part of the radio spectrum be maintained for non-commercial radio operations. The CAB is opposed to this, "that, in accordance with its jurisdiction, the Commission refrain from setting aside spectrum for the expansion of the campus/community radio sector", writes Smith.
And so in July 2010 in its Summary of Determinations the CRTC recommended under the heading Technical matters in Appendix 1 to Broadcasting Regulatory Policy CRTC 2010-499.
"The Commission considers that it is inappropriate to reserve frequencies or portions of the radio spectrum for use by specific classes of licensees, such as campus or community stations."
So there we have it - there's competition for the airwaves, and campus station CKLN out of Toronto and now community station CFRO out of Vancouver are fighting for survival. Both have now been called in for infractions under the radio regulations.
Wednesday, April 6, 2011
This is Spring
This really is spring. You know how I know. Cos today I experienced all the seasons in one day. Well with the exception of Fall I had it all. I stood in the cold at a bus station in Abbotsford waiting for the bus to Vancouver. Occasionally the sun would appear from behind the clouds. I experienced spring at the pool table with my good friend N. Had a few beers and it felt like summer. Saw a lad getting beaten up and intervened by calling the cops well - flagged them down! That felt like deep winter but summer when I leapt into Hastings!
What a strange life - strange day. Got all the way to Chilliwack and talked to the lovely people at a radio station there. Awesome. And then it was time to get to A where I met my good friend K and her lovely H. We had T with an ea and it was splendid.
I love spring.......
What a strange life - strange day. Got all the way to Chilliwack and talked to the lovely people at a radio station there. Awesome. And then it was time to get to A where I met my good friend K and her lovely H. We had T with an ea and it was splendid.
I love spring.......
Friday, April 1, 2011
The Courier's greatest ever Vancouver April Fools Day Joke
I've got to take my hat off to the Vancouver Courier for their April Fools Day joke. I read the headline of the proposed bike tunnel - The Funnel linking False Creek to Downtown and promptly said to myself 'that's just mad.'
It's not an AFD joke - you are fuddin kicking me. A tunnel for bikes - if Gregor wants out of office this will do it. How on earth is a tunnel for bikes a good idea. We are not talking the Dartford Tunnel - the London tunnel that stretches beneath one of the widest parts of the River Thames.
The new barricaded routes don't sit well with all cyclists. Although vehicle traffic is behind a concrete foot high wall - great on the bridges but not so appealing in the downtown core. I know I for one prefer the option of taking a right turn or a left turn or a left turn and another left turn and another left turn just because I feel like it. Yes I like the freedom of cycling. The freedom of popping into a coffee shop or a store. The barricaded routes are meant to keep you moving; not nice.
A tunnel for bikes then would be for me a nightmare. Once you enter you are stuck - no turning and almost certainly no turning back. In addition riding a bike through a tunnel is against the rationale of cycling - there are no views. There's nothing constructive to say about this proposed idea. It is definitely not green. Cyclists don't want tunnels - they want views. They don't need shortcuts beneath water, they need shortcuts over water - a bridge.
It was a great April Fools Day joke - perhaps the best that Vancouver has ever known.
It's not an AFD joke - you are fuddin kicking me. A tunnel for bikes - if Gregor wants out of office this will do it. How on earth is a tunnel for bikes a good idea. We are not talking the Dartford Tunnel - the London tunnel that stretches beneath one of the widest parts of the River Thames.
The new barricaded routes don't sit well with all cyclists. Although vehicle traffic is behind a concrete foot high wall - great on the bridges but not so appealing in the downtown core. I know I for one prefer the option of taking a right turn or a left turn or a left turn and another left turn and another left turn just because I feel like it. Yes I like the freedom of cycling. The freedom of popping into a coffee shop or a store. The barricaded routes are meant to keep you moving; not nice.
A tunnel for bikes then would be for me a nightmare. Once you enter you are stuck - no turning and almost certainly no turning back. In addition riding a bike through a tunnel is against the rationale of cycling - there are no views. There's nothing constructive to say about this proposed idea. It is definitely not green. Cyclists don't want tunnels - they want views. They don't need shortcuts beneath water, they need shortcuts over water - a bridge.
It was a great April Fools Day joke - perhaps the best that Vancouver has ever known.
Wednesday, March 23, 2011
Last Call set list 23 march 2011
Time - Supergrass
Loaded - Primal Scream
Stand by me - Oasis
How was it for you? - James
Never had no one ever - The Smiths
White chalk - PJ Harvey
Love long distance - Gossip
Je suis un funky homme - Marmaduke Duke
Clamour - Glasser
Gospel Oak - James
DVV - James
Dead guitars - Seefeel
Why why why - The Woodentops
One man's burden - Nitzer Ebb
Outside inside - The Streets
Bop scotch - Stereolab
I'm not living in the real world - Belle & Sebastian
Sound of music - Joy Division
Local boy in the photograph - Stereophonics
Stay - 60 ft Dolls
It's not war (just the end of love) - Manic Street Preachers
Shoot you down - The Stone Roses
Subtitle - The Charlatans
England - PJ Harvey
Low C - Supergrass
Zorbing - Stornoway
Loaded - Primal Scream
Stand by me - Oasis
How was it for you? - James
Never had no one ever - The Smiths
White chalk - PJ Harvey
Love long distance - Gossip
Je suis un funky homme - Marmaduke Duke
Clamour - Glasser
Gospel Oak - James
DVV - James
Dead guitars - Seefeel
Why why why - The Woodentops
One man's burden - Nitzer Ebb
Outside inside - The Streets
Bop scotch - Stereolab
I'm not living in the real world - Belle & Sebastian
Sound of music - Joy Division
Local boy in the photograph - Stereophonics
Stay - 60 ft Dolls
It's not war (just the end of love) - Manic Street Preachers
Shoot you down - The Stone Roses
Subtitle - The Charlatans
England - PJ Harvey
Low C - Supergrass
Zorbing - Stornoway
Tuesday, March 22, 2011
Opinion - Libyan rebels headed for defeat
With the so-called allied forces struggling to make a decision about who should supervise the no-fly zone over Libya and what will be the direction now, since last Thursday's UN Security Resolution 1973, the situation for the Libyan rebels is dire and getting rapidly worse.
If the allies can't make a decision then surely Gaddafi will. He could step up a ground war against the rebels and it's unclear how fighter jets will prevent that. Yet there is uncertainty as to who is the more organized, Gaddafi or the rebels? There have been comparisons in the media with Ceaucescu but perhaps Saddam Hussein circa the first gulf war is more fitting for the fate of the Libyan leader in the short term.
The resolution will stay in force and perhaps a trade embargo will follow, Gaddafi will regain his grip over the Libyan people and the West will bide their time until they can invade. Of course that strategy as history tells us has been an unmitigated disaster for Iraqis but has enabled the West to gain leverage in the region. That's what Obama et al want. They get to do all this under the guise of saying they are securing the safety of the Libyan people. The BBC is starting to report civilian deaths as a result of the air strikes against Libyan targets.
It is very possible that the UN Resolution will prolong the war in Libya. The Libyan rebels now not only have to worry about Gaddafi's forces but also they run the risk of getting killed by an air strike from their so called friends. There are also reports that people are hungry. Again think Iraq.
Libyans not joining the rebels or openly supporting Gaddafi will likely grow. Gaddafi's forces can be defeated as witnessed in the Toyota War with Chad. But then they were fighting another army from another country and not their own people. Unless America and the Europeans commit to a ground force then the Libyan rebels look likely headed to defeat.
If the allies can't make a decision then surely Gaddafi will. He could step up a ground war against the rebels and it's unclear how fighter jets will prevent that. Yet there is uncertainty as to who is the more organized, Gaddafi or the rebels? There have been comparisons in the media with Ceaucescu but perhaps Saddam Hussein circa the first gulf war is more fitting for the fate of the Libyan leader in the short term.
The resolution will stay in force and perhaps a trade embargo will follow, Gaddafi will regain his grip over the Libyan people and the West will bide their time until they can invade. Of course that strategy as history tells us has been an unmitigated disaster for Iraqis but has enabled the West to gain leverage in the region. That's what Obama et al want. They get to do all this under the guise of saying they are securing the safety of the Libyan people. The BBC is starting to report civilian deaths as a result of the air strikes against Libyan targets.
It is very possible that the UN Resolution will prolong the war in Libya. The Libyan rebels now not only have to worry about Gaddafi's forces but also they run the risk of getting killed by an air strike from their so called friends. There are also reports that people are hungry. Again think Iraq.
Libyans not joining the rebels or openly supporting Gaddafi will likely grow. Gaddafi's forces can be defeated as witnessed in the Toyota War with Chad. But then they were fighting another army from another country and not their own people. Unless America and the Europeans commit to a ground force then the Libyan rebels look likely headed to defeat.
Monday, March 21, 2011
From the BBC country profile of Libya - soon to be edited no doubt
Libya, once shunned by much of the international community over the 1988 bombing of a PanAm plane above the Scottish town of Lockerbie, underwent a dramatic rehabilitation after taking formal responsibility for the bombing in 2003.
The UN lifted sanctions, and Libya's subsequent renunciation of weapons of mass destruction further improved relations with the West.
However, the world once again turned against the Libyan government in early 2011 over its violent response to a popular uprising inspired by anti-authoritarian protests that swept Arab countries. Several leaders urged Colonel Muammar Gaddafi to step down, and the UN Security Council passed a resolution authorising a no-fly zone over Libya and air strikes to protect civilians.
Overview
* Overview
* Facts
* Leaders
* Media
A former Roman colony, Libya is a mostly desert country which saw invasions by Vandals, Byzantines, Arabs, Turks and more recently Italians before gaining independence in 1951.
AT-A-GLANCE
Mural celebrating 40 years of Colonal Gadaffi in power in August 2009
Politics: Colonel Gaddafi took power in a 1969 coup; he presides over a system of "people's congresses"
Economy: Libya has large reserves of oil and gas; proposed reform of state-run economy has met with political opposition
International: Libya returned to the diplomatic fold after renouncing weapons of mass destruction and paying compensation for the Lockerbie bombing
Timeline
Oil was discovered in 1959 and made the state wealthy. Ten years later, King Idris was overthrown in a coup led by the 27-year-old Muammar Gaddafi, and Libya embarked on a radically new chapter in its history.
Colonel Gaddafi's revolution has been based largely on distinguishing his country from the world around it. Ideas put forward in his Green Book aim at an alternative to both communism and capitalism, while Islam is adhered to but with a unique slant - Libya has its own calendar based on the Prophet Muhammad's death, for example.
Colonel Gaddafi called the new system a jamahiriya, loosely translated as a "state of the masses". Power is held by various people's committees, while in practice Gaddafi rules unopposed.
Libya was blamed for the Lockerbie plane bombing, and two Libyans suspected of organising the incident were handed over in 1999 for trial in The Hague under Scottish law. In 2001 one of the suspects was found guilty of killing 270 people in the bombing.
After Britain and Libya signed a prisoner-exchange agreement in 2009, Libya requested the transfer of the convicted Lockerbie bomber Abdelbaset Ali al-Megrahi, who was freed from gaol on compassionate grounds and returned home in August.
Tripoli paid compensation to the US victims of the bombing in 2008, opening up the possibility of full diplomatic relations with the United States.
Libya possesses considerable reserves of oil and gas, but the sector remains relatively undeveloped.
Facts
* Overview
* Facts
* Leaders
* Media
* Full name: The Great Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jamahiriya
* Population: 6.5 million (UN, 2010)
* Capital: Tripoli
* Area: 1.77 million sq km (685,524 sq miles)
* Major language: Arabic
* Major religion: Islam
* Life expectancy: 73 years (men), 78 years (women) (UN)
* Monetary unit: 1 Libyan dinar (LD) = 1,000 dirhams
* Main exports: Crude oil, petroleum products, natural gas
* GNI per capita: US $12,020 (World Bank, 2009)
* Internet domain: .ly
* International dialling code: +218
Leaders
* Overview
* Facts
* Leaders
* Media
Leader: Colonel Muammar Gaddafi
Once regarded as a pariah by the West, Colonel Gaddafi began his return to the international fold after Libya settled the Lockerbie bombing claims and agreed to stop developing weapons of mass destruction.
Maummar Gaddafi
Libyan leader Muammar Gaddafi seized power in 1969
Western politicians, including the British, Italian, French and German leaders, have since visited Tripoli.
Muammar Gaddafi is the Arab world's longest-serving leader. A shrewd operator, he survived several attempts on his life and reinvented Libya's system of government.
The colonel came to power in a bloodless coup in 1969 against the ailing King Idris. He was inspired by the Egyptian nationalist leader Gamal Abdul Nasser, who dominated Arab politics in the 1950s and 1960s.
Though Col Gaddafi has always presented himself as an Arab nationalist, his attempts to forge unity with other Arab states have met with little success. In the 1990s he turned to Africa and proposed a "United States of Africa". The concept later formed the basis of the African Union.
Over the years Col Gaddafi has supported a broad range of armed groups, including the Irish Republican Army and the Palestine Liberation Organisation. Libya's alleged involvement in attacks in Europe in the 1980s triggered US military strikes in 1986. Dozens of people were killed, including the Libyan leader's adopted daughter.
One of Col Gaddafi's sons, Saif al-Islam Gaddafi, is seen as having played a large part in the rehabilitation of the Libyan regime in the eyes of the international community. However, his credibility as the "acceptable" face of the Libyan leadership was somewhat tarnished after unrest broke out in February 2011 and he became an apologist for his father.
Muammar Gaddafi was born in the desert near Sirte in 1942. He married twice and has eight children.
• In February 2011 Col Gaddafi faced a popular revolt which spread across much of the country. His opponents gained control over several towns, but he held onto Tripoli. A battle between Gaddafi loyalists and opponents sparked an exodus by foreign workers, and prompted an international debate over whether or not to intervene in the conflict.
Media
* Overview
* Facts
* Leaders
* Media
Media rights body Reporters Without Borders has said press freedom is "virtually non-existent" in Libya, with self-censorship being commonplace.
The state strictly controls the media. Non-governmental media were authorized in 2007, leading to the launch of newspapers and a satellite TV by a company affiliated to one of Colonel Gaddafi's sons. But in 2009, these outlets were nationalized.
The Libyan Jamahiriyah Broadcasting Corporation is the state broadcaster. Pan-Arab satellite TVs are widely watched.
The main newspapers are state controlled. Some international publications are available, but the authorities routinely censor them. Few press visas are issued to foreign journalists.
There were 323,000 internet users by September 2009. Web filtering is selective, focusing on political opposition websites.
The press
* Al-Fajr al-Jadid - controlled by an arm of the information ministry
* Al-Shams - controlled by an arm of the information ministry
* Al-Jamahiriyah - controlled by an arm of the information ministry
* Al-Zahf Al-Akhdar - controlled by the Revolutionary Committees Movement
* The Tripoli Post - English-language pro-government weekly
* Quryna - Benghazi daily
Television
* Great Jamahiriyah TV - state-run, available terrestrially and via satellite
* Al-Libiyah - via satellite
Radio
* Great Jamahiriyah Radio - state-run
* Voice of Africa - state-run external service
* Al-Libiyah FM
News agency
* Jana (Jamahiriyah News Agency) - state-run
The UN lifted sanctions, and Libya's subsequent renunciation of weapons of mass destruction further improved relations with the West.
However, the world once again turned against the Libyan government in early 2011 over its violent response to a popular uprising inspired by anti-authoritarian protests that swept Arab countries. Several leaders urged Colonel Muammar Gaddafi to step down, and the UN Security Council passed a resolution authorising a no-fly zone over Libya and air strikes to protect civilians.
Overview
* Overview
* Facts
* Leaders
* Media
A former Roman colony, Libya is a mostly desert country which saw invasions by Vandals, Byzantines, Arabs, Turks and more recently Italians before gaining independence in 1951.
AT-A-GLANCE
Mural celebrating 40 years of Colonal Gadaffi in power in August 2009
Politics: Colonel Gaddafi took power in a 1969 coup; he presides over a system of "people's congresses"
Economy: Libya has large reserves of oil and gas; proposed reform of state-run economy has met with political opposition
International: Libya returned to the diplomatic fold after renouncing weapons of mass destruction and paying compensation for the Lockerbie bombing
Timeline
Oil was discovered in 1959 and made the state wealthy. Ten years later, King Idris was overthrown in a coup led by the 27-year-old Muammar Gaddafi, and Libya embarked on a radically new chapter in its history.
Colonel Gaddafi's revolution has been based largely on distinguishing his country from the world around it. Ideas put forward in his Green Book aim at an alternative to both communism and capitalism, while Islam is adhered to but with a unique slant - Libya has its own calendar based on the Prophet Muhammad's death, for example.
Colonel Gaddafi called the new system a jamahiriya, loosely translated as a "state of the masses". Power is held by various people's committees, while in practice Gaddafi rules unopposed.
Libya was blamed for the Lockerbie plane bombing, and two Libyans suspected of organising the incident were handed over in 1999 for trial in The Hague under Scottish law. In 2001 one of the suspects was found guilty of killing 270 people in the bombing.
After Britain and Libya signed a prisoner-exchange agreement in 2009, Libya requested the transfer of the convicted Lockerbie bomber Abdelbaset Ali al-Megrahi, who was freed from gaol on compassionate grounds and returned home in August.
Tripoli paid compensation to the US victims of the bombing in 2008, opening up the possibility of full diplomatic relations with the United States.
Libya possesses considerable reserves of oil and gas, but the sector remains relatively undeveloped.
Facts
* Overview
* Facts
* Leaders
* Media
* Full name: The Great Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jamahiriya
* Population: 6.5 million (UN, 2010)
* Capital: Tripoli
* Area: 1.77 million sq km (685,524 sq miles)
* Major language: Arabic
* Major religion: Islam
* Life expectancy: 73 years (men), 78 years (women) (UN)
* Monetary unit: 1 Libyan dinar (LD) = 1,000 dirhams
* Main exports: Crude oil, petroleum products, natural gas
* GNI per capita: US $12,020 (World Bank, 2009)
* Internet domain: .ly
* International dialling code: +218
Leaders
* Overview
* Facts
* Leaders
* Media
Leader: Colonel Muammar Gaddafi
Once regarded as a pariah by the West, Colonel Gaddafi began his return to the international fold after Libya settled the Lockerbie bombing claims and agreed to stop developing weapons of mass destruction.
Maummar Gaddafi
Libyan leader Muammar Gaddafi seized power in 1969
Western politicians, including the British, Italian, French and German leaders, have since visited Tripoli.
Muammar Gaddafi is the Arab world's longest-serving leader. A shrewd operator, he survived several attempts on his life and reinvented Libya's system of government.
The colonel came to power in a bloodless coup in 1969 against the ailing King Idris. He was inspired by the Egyptian nationalist leader Gamal Abdul Nasser, who dominated Arab politics in the 1950s and 1960s.
Though Col Gaddafi has always presented himself as an Arab nationalist, his attempts to forge unity with other Arab states have met with little success. In the 1990s he turned to Africa and proposed a "United States of Africa". The concept later formed the basis of the African Union.
Over the years Col Gaddafi has supported a broad range of armed groups, including the Irish Republican Army and the Palestine Liberation Organisation. Libya's alleged involvement in attacks in Europe in the 1980s triggered US military strikes in 1986. Dozens of people were killed, including the Libyan leader's adopted daughter.
One of Col Gaddafi's sons, Saif al-Islam Gaddafi, is seen as having played a large part in the rehabilitation of the Libyan regime in the eyes of the international community. However, his credibility as the "acceptable" face of the Libyan leadership was somewhat tarnished after unrest broke out in February 2011 and he became an apologist for his father.
Muammar Gaddafi was born in the desert near Sirte in 1942. He married twice and has eight children.
• In February 2011 Col Gaddafi faced a popular revolt which spread across much of the country. His opponents gained control over several towns, but he held onto Tripoli. A battle between Gaddafi loyalists and opponents sparked an exodus by foreign workers, and prompted an international debate over whether or not to intervene in the conflict.
Media
* Overview
* Facts
* Leaders
* Media
Media rights body Reporters Without Borders has said press freedom is "virtually non-existent" in Libya, with self-censorship being commonplace.
The state strictly controls the media. Non-governmental media were authorized in 2007, leading to the launch of newspapers and a satellite TV by a company affiliated to one of Colonel Gaddafi's sons. But in 2009, these outlets were nationalized.
The Libyan Jamahiriyah Broadcasting Corporation is the state broadcaster. Pan-Arab satellite TVs are widely watched.
The main newspapers are state controlled. Some international publications are available, but the authorities routinely censor them. Few press visas are issued to foreign journalists.
There were 323,000 internet users by September 2009. Web filtering is selective, focusing on political opposition websites.
The press
* Al-Fajr al-Jadid - controlled by an arm of the information ministry
* Al-Shams - controlled by an arm of the information ministry
* Al-Jamahiriyah - controlled by an arm of the information ministry
* Al-Zahf Al-Akhdar - controlled by the Revolutionary Committees Movement
* The Tripoli Post - English-language pro-government weekly
* Quryna - Benghazi daily
Television
* Great Jamahiriyah TV - state-run, available terrestrially and via satellite
* Al-Libiyah - via satellite
Radio
* Great Jamahiriyah Radio - state-run
* Voice of Africa - state-run external service
* Al-Libiyah FM
News agency
* Jana (Jamahiriyah News Agency) - state-run
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